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Technical Terms Explained
Broadband / Domain Name / Choosing a PC / Anti Virus Software / Web Site / ISP / Spreadsheet / Word Processing / Email / Web Browser / Search Engine Broadband
A dial-up telephone modem can transfer data at rates up to 56 kbps (56,000) while a broadband connection can transfer data at a far higher rate.
The term broadband is used to characterize networks with high capacity and to distinguish it from the dial-up connection. The chief difference between dial-up modems and broadband arises from the intended use. For ocassional use and mainly email use, dial-up should be sufficient in speed and costs.
For a user who is going to use the internet on a regular or daily basis and is downloading pictures, software and games it will be more cost affective and efficient to sign up for broadband. One major advantage of broadband is that you can be on the internet and the phone at the same time. For multiple internet use a broadband connection is a must.
The cost of a broadband connection has come down significantly and you should pay no more than £20 to £25 per month which should include some sort of discount on your ordinary phone use. The suppliers that are used in our paticular area are BT and TalkTalk through the Carphone Warehouse but this will vary across the regions.
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This is a unique name given to your site on the internet and no other person or organisation is allowed to have a duplicate name. It can be your name, your company name or anything you wish to call it as long as it has not already been bought by someone else.
To buy a site or Domain name you will need to go to an authorised company who will first check to see if it is not already taken. Most of these companies will give you some alternative to choose from.
See our Our services for more details or go back to the top Choosing a PC
Choosing the right PC together with it's software requirements is a very delicate and time consuming process.
This section will be expanded soon.
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A computer virus is a self-duplicating computer program that interferes with a computer's hardware or operating system (the basic software that runs the computer). Like any other computer program, a virus must be executed for it to function and the computer must then follow the virus's instructions. The virus may disrupt or change data files, display an irrelevant or unwanted message, or cause the operating system to malfunction.
Once a virus is active, it may replicate by various means and tries to infect the computer’s files or the operating system. Infection is much more frequent in PCs primarily by means of floppy disks, e-mail, or over unregulated computer networks.
Therefore, if a computer is simply attached to an infected computer network or downloading an infected program, it will not necessarily become infected. Typically a computer user is not likely to knowingly run a potentially harmful computer code. However, viruses often trick the computer's operating system or the computer user into running the viral program.
Some viruses have the ability to attach themselves to otherwise legitimate programs. This attachment may occur when the legitimate program is created, opened, or modified. When that program is run, so is the virus. Viruses can also reside on portions of the hard disk or floppy disk that load and run the operating system when the computer is started, and such viruses thereby are run automatically. In computer networks, some viruses hide in the software that allows the user to log on (gain access to) the system.
A simple way to combat virus attacks is to purchase antivirus software such as McAfee or Norton. Prices vary from as little as £20 to over £80.
See our Our services for more details or go back to the top A Web Site
A web site is located on a server connected to the World Wide Web (WWW). The WWW is a set of protocols and software that allows the global computer network called the Internet to display multimedia documents. Web sites may include text, photographs, illustrations, video, music, or computer programs. They also often include links to other sites in the form of hypertext, highlighted or colored text that the user can click on with their mouse, instructing their computer to jump to the new site.
Every web site has a specific address on the WWW, called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). These addresses end in extensions that indicate the type of organization sponsoring the web site, for example, .gov for government agencies, .edu for academic institutions, and .com for commercial enterprises. The user’s computer must be connected to the Internet and have a special software program called a browser to retrieve and read information from a web site. Examples of browsers include Navigator from the Netscape Communications Corporation and Explorer from the Microsoft Corporation.
By clicking on the hypertext or icons with their mouse, users instruct their browser program to connect to the web site specified by the URL contained in the hypertext link.
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A company that sells computer access to the Internet, also called Internet service provider (ISP) or access provider.
A user buys a subscription to a service provider, which gives the user an identifying username and password and a phone number. With his or her computer and modem, the user calls, connects to, and logs on to the service provider's computer. The user's computer then lets the service provider's computer take over, acting like a dumb terminal.
The user can then utilize any of the tools the service provider's computer furnishes, which can give access to the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail (e-mail), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Telnet, and other Internet services. Some service providers limit the amount of time a user can spend connected to the service provider's computer or charge more money for extra time.
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A spreadsheet is an application program commonly used for budgets, forecasting, and other finance-related tasks. In a spreadsheet program, data and formulas to calculate those data are entered into ledger-like forms (spreadsheets or worksheets) for analysis, tracking, planning, or “what-if” evaluations of the impacts of real or proposed changes on an economic strategy. Spreadsheet programs use rows and columns of cells; each cell can hold text or numeric data or a formula that uses values in other cells to calculate a desired result. For printed output, spreadsheet programs usually provide graphing capabilities and a variety of formatting options for both printed pages and text, numeric values, and captions and legends in graphs.
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A word Processor is an application program can manipulate text-based documents; the electronic equivalent of paper, pen, typewriter, eraser, and most likely, dictionary and thesaurus. Depending on the program and the equipment in use, word processors can display documents either in text mode, using highlighting, underlining, or color to represent italics, boldfacing, and other such formatting, or in graphics mode, wherein formatting and, sometimes, a variety of fonts appear on the screen as they will on the printed page. All word processors offer at least limited facilities for document formatting, such as font changes, page layout, paragraph indention, and the like.
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E-Mail is an abbreviation of the term electronic mail, method of transmitting data, text files, digital photos, or audio and video files from one computer to another over an Intranet or the Internet. E-mail enables computer users to send messages and data quickly through a local area network or beyond through the Internet. E-mail came into widespread use in the 1990s and has become a major development in business and personal communications.
How E-mail Works
E-mail users create and send messages from individual computers using commercial e-mail programs or mail-user agents. The user sends a message to one or more recipients by specifying destination addresses. When a user sends an e-mail message to several recipients at once, it is sometimes called broadcasting.
The address of an e-mail message includes the source and destination of the message. Different addressing conventions are used depending upon the e-mail destination. The first part of the address contains the user’s name, followed by the symbol @, the domain name, the institution’s or organization’s name, and finally the country name.
A typical e-mail address might be "sally@abc.com". In this example "sally" is the user’s name; "abc" is the domain name (the specific company, organization or institution that the e-mail message is sent to or from)and the suffix ".com" indicates the type of organization that "abc" belongs to i.e. ".com" for commercial, ".org" for organization, ".edu" for educational, ".mil" for military, and ".gov" for governmental. An e-mail message that originates outside the United Kingdom or is sent from the United States to other countries has a supplementary suffix that indicates the country of origin or destination. Examples include ".uk" for the United Kingdom, ".fr" for France, and ".au" for Australia.
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A browser program is one that enables a computer to locate, download, and display documents containing text, sound, video, graphics, animation, and photographs located on computer networks. The act of viewing and moving about between documents on computer networks is called browsing.
Users browse through documents on open, public-access networks called Internets, or on closed networks called Intranets. The largest open network is the Internet, a worldwide computer network that provides access to sites on the World Wide Web (WWW, the Web). A browser downloads information over phone lines to a user’s computer through the user’s modem and then displays the information on the computer. Most browsers can display a variety of text and graphics that may be integrated into such a document, including animation, audio and video. Examples of browsers are Netscape, Internet Explorer, and Mosaic.
Browsers can create the illusion of travelling to an actual location in virtual space (hyperspace) where the document being viewed exists. This virtual location in hyperspace is referred to as a node, or a web site. The process of virtual travel between web sites is called navigating.
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A search engine is computer software that compiles lists of documents most commonly those on the World Wide Web (WWW) and the contents of those documents. Search engines respond to a user entry, or query, by searching the lists and displaying a list of documents (called web sites when on the WWW) that match the search query.
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